简化在Oracle Linux 6上安装Oracle软件的准备工作
最近才发现，Oracle早就出了对应的rpm包，oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall和oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall，可以简化oracle软件安装之前的准备工作。
这两个包分别对应11gR2和12cR1，具体能够做的工作根据官方blog文章的内容是一下几项：
- 自动下载并安装 Oracle Grid Infrastructure 和 Oracle Database 11g 第 2 版 (11.2.0.3) 安装过程所需的任何额外的软件包和特定软件版本，并通过
yum或up2date功能处理软件包依赖关系。 - 创建用户
oracle和组oinstall（针对OraInventory）、dba（针对OSDBA），供数据库安装期间使用。（出于安全目的，该用户没有默认口令，且不能远程登录）。要启用远程登录，请使用passwd工具设置一个口令。） - 修改
/etc/sysctl.conf中的内核参数以更改共享内存、信号、最大文件描述符数量等设置。 - 设置
/etc/security/limits.conf中的软硬 shell 资源限制，如锁定内存地址空间、打开的文件数量、进程数和核心文件大小。 - 对于 x86_64 计算机，在内核中设置
numa=off。
以OEL6.7为例，安装步骤很简单：
[root@oel67vm3 ~]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
Loaded plugins: refresh-packagekit, security, ulninfo
Setting up Install Process
OEL67 | 3.7 kB 00:00 …
OEL67/primary_db | 3.0 MB 00:00 …
Resolving Dependencies
–> Running transaction check
—> Package oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-12.el6 will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-12.el6.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-12.el6.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-12.el6.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-12.el6.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-12.el6.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-12.el6.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-12.el6.x86_64
–> Running transaction check
—> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 will be installed
—> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 will be installed
—> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-16.el6 will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.7-16.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15 for package: gcc-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64
—> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-16.el6 will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.1()(64bit) for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64
—> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-28.el6 will be installed
—> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 will be installed
—> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-16.el6 will be installed
–> Running transaction check
—> Package cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 will be installed
–> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64
–> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64
—> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-16.el6 will be installed
—> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6 will be installed
–> Running transaction check
—> Package ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6 will be installed
–> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall x86_64 1.0-12.el6 OEL67 18 k
Installing for dependencies:
cloog-ppl x86_64 0.15.7-1.2.el6 OEL67 93 k
compat-libcap1 x86_64 1.10-1 OEL67 17 k
compat-libstdc++-33 x86_64 3.2.3-69.el6 OEL67 183 k
cpp x86_64 4.4.7-16.el6 OEL67 3.7 M
gcc x86_64 4.4.7-16.el6 OEL67 10 M
gcc-c++ x86_64 4.4.7-16.el6 OEL67 4.7 M
ksh x86_64 20120801-28.el6 OEL67 759 k
libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.107-10.el6 OEL67 13 k
libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.4.7-16.el6 OEL67 1.6 M
mpfr x86_64 2.4.1-6.el6 OEL67 156 k
ppl x86_64 0.10.2-11.el6 OEL67 1.3 M
Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 12 Package(s)
Total download size: 23 M
Installed size: 56 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————–
Total 103 MB/s | 23 MB 00:00
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///mnt/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
Importing GPG key 0xEC551F03:
Userid: “Oracle OSS group (Open Source Software group) <build@oss.oracle.com>”
From : /mnt/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64 1/12
Installing : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64 2/12
Installing : cpp-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64 3/12
Installing : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 4/12
Installing : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 5/12
Installing : gcc-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64 6/12
Installing : gcc-c++-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64 7/12
Installing : ksh-20120801-28.el6.x86_64 8/12
Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 9/12
Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 10/12
Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 11/12
Installing : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-12.el6.x86_64 12/12
Verifying : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 1/12
Verifying : gcc-c++-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64 2/12
Verifying : gcc-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64 3/12
Verifying : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 4/12
Verifying : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64 5/12
Verifying : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 6/12
Verifying : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 7/12
Verifying : ksh-20120801-28.el6.x86_64 8/12
Verifying : cpp-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64 9/12
Verifying : libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-16.el6.x86_64 10/12
Verifying : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 11/12
Verifying : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-12.el6.x86_64 12/12
Installed:
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-12.el6
Dependency Installed:
cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-16.el6 gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-16.el6
gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-16.el6 ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-28.el6 libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-16.el6 mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6
ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6
Complete!
如果是不能连接互联网的环境，可以使用iso文件或者光盘作为本地yum repositery。
比如：
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
or
# mount –o loop OEL67.iso /mnt
然后在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下创建一个repo文件，比如：
# cat oel67.repo
[OEL67]
name=Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.7 x86_64
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgkey=file:///mnt/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
就可以执行上面的yum install命令了。
不过这个包只对单机版安装帮助很大，对RAC安装，网络配置和ASM磁盘配置这些肯定没有，当然，这些配置我觉得也是无法简化的。